Physical Characteristics. Madison County is in north Florida and is bordered by Georgia and by Hamilton, Suwannee, Lafayette, Taylor, and Jefferson counties. The county has 710.34 square miles of land and 5.10 square miles of water for a total of 715.44 square miles. The average January temperature is 54.8 degrees fahrenheit, and the average August temperature is 81.3 degrees fahrenheit. The average annual rainfall is 52.50 inches.
History. Madison County was established in 1827 from a portion of Escambia County and named for President James Madison.
